ETHNOLOGY: Mambu: A Melanesian Millennium. Kenelm O. L. Burridge
In: American anthropologist: AA, Band 63, Heft 5, S. 1114-1115
ISSN: 1548-1433
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In: American anthropologist: AA, Band 63, Heft 5, S. 1114-1115
ISSN: 1548-1433
This letter from Cadet Saunders to his parents is the oldest extant letter written by a VMI cadet. Dated November 30, 1839, shortly after the first cadets arrived in Lexington, the letter provides a cadet's view of the newly established Institute. Saunders describes the arsenal; relationship with Washington College; the method of instruction; course of studies; gives his opinion (favorable) of Superintendent Francis H. Smith.
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In: Revista española de la opinión pública, Heft 14, S. 438
In: The journal of negro education: JNE ;a Howard University quarterly review of issues incident to the education of black people, Band 22, Heft 1, S. 53
ISSN: 2167-6437
BACKGROUND : The edible and medicinal leguminous plant Cassia tora L. (Fabaceae) is known to possess insecticidal properties against a wide range of plant-feeding insects. However, the bioactivity of extracts of this plant and their constituents against vectors of medical importance has been largely unexplored. We investigated the mosquito larvicidal activity of the seed extract and its major anthraquinones against larvae of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae (s.s.). METHODS : Third-fourth instar larval mortality was observed after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of exposure to varying doses of the extracts, and two anthraquinones isolates identified using liquid chromatography- quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-QtoF-MS). The mosquito larval mortality was evaluated relative to the natural insecticide azadirachtin. RESULTS : Fractionation of the crude extract decreased mosquito larvicidal activity, however, larvicidal activity increased with increasing dose of the treatment and exposure time. The known anthraquinones aurantio-obtusin and obtusin were identified as key larvicidal compounds. Aurantio-obtusin and obtusin, exhibited similar toxicity to larvae of A. gambiae (s.s.) with LD50 values of 10 and 10.2 ppm, respectively. However, the two anthraquinones were four- and ~ six-fold less potent than that of the crude seed extract and azadirachtin, which had comparable LD50 values of 2.5 and 1.7 ppm, respectively. CONCLUSION : Both aurantio-obtusin and obtusin showed mosquito larvicidal activity which were comparable to their respective fractions although they were less potent relative to the crude extract and azadirachtin. Further studies need to be conducted on C. tora for its exploitation as a potential eco-friendly tool in mosquito larval source reduction. ; Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) for a studentship to VCM, UK's Department for International Development (DFID), the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), and the Kenyan Government. ...
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In: Current anthropology, Band 20, Heft 3, S. 561-576
ISSN: 1537-5382